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Guillaume Dufay - Vergene bella
Unicorn Ensemble
Bernard LandauerThe lauda was a type of vernacular, monodic sacred song—monk meets troubadour, if you will—which was popular in the early 15th Century in Italy at the time when Guillaume Dufay was probably the most respected composer in Europe. His Vergene bella is a setting of a poem by Petrarch.
(April plate, from Les très riches heures du Duc de Berry)
maravilhoso? | Autonomous Region of the Azores, Portugal, Europe
© Joãocostamelo
Giant Veil of “Cold Plasma” Discovered High Above Earth
Clouds of charged particles stretch a quarter the way to the moon, experts say.
Clouds of “cold plasma” reach from the top of Earth’s atmosphere to at least a quarter the distance to the moon, according to new data from a cluster of European satellites.
Earth generates cold plasma—slow-moving charged particles—at the edge of space, where sunlight strips electrons from gas atoms, leaving only their positively charged cores, or nuclei.
Researchers had suspected these hard-to-detect particles might influence incoming space weather, such as this week’s solar flare and resulting geomagnetic storm. That’s because solar storms barrage Earth with similar but high-speed charged particles.
Still, no one could be certain what the effects of cold plasma might be without a handle on its true abundance around our planet.
“It’s like the weather forecast on TV. It’s very complicated to make a reasonable forecast without the basic variables,” said space scientist Mats André, of theSwedish Institute of Space Physics.
“Discovering this cold plasma is like saying, Oh gosh, there are oceans here that affect our weather,” he said.
Illustration courtesy J. Huart, ESA
